Urban Indians are tribal members who reside in cities, often due to historical factors like forced relocation or seeking better opportunities. This has resulted in a diverse and inter-tribal Indigenous population in urban centers. Over 70% of American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) now live in urban areas. This is a significant shift from the past, and these urban Indians face unique challenges such as:
- Disconnection from culture and community: Living away from reservations can make it difficult to maintain traditional practices, spiritual connections, and a sense of belonging.
- Limited access to resources: Urban Indians may struggle to access culturally relevant educational programs, language revitalization initiatives, and social services tailored to their needs.
- Discrimination and prejudice: Racism and stereotypes can be prevalent in urban environments, impacting everything from employment opportunities to daily interactions.
- Loss of identity: The complexities of urban life and assimilation pressures can create confusion about cultural identity for some urban Indians.
- Intergenerational trauma: The historical injustices faced by their ancestors can leave lasting scars on urban Indian communities, impacting mental health and overall well-being.
- Financial hardship is a common issue for urban Indians, with poverty rates exceeding the national average and mirroring those on reservations. This can create significant barriers to accessing healthcare.
Urban Indians rely on various healthcare sources. These include private insurance, government programs, and the Indian Health Service (IHS). Urban Indian Organizations (UIOs) bridge the healthcare and cultural gap. Established by Congress, UIOs provide culturally sensitive healthcare programs specifically for urban AI/AN populations.